![]() L. Cummings (American Psychiatric Press, Washington, DC, 2000) pp. G. Robinson, Textbook of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, 2nd edn., eds. E. Hosoya and Y. Yamamura (Excerpta Medica, Tokyo, 1988) pp. H. Nagasawa and K. Kogre, Recent Advances in the Pharmacology of Kampo (Japanese Herbal) Medications, eds.J. Heo, Dong Eui Bo Gam (Namsandang, Seoul, 2001) p.T. Oda (Excerpta Medica, Tokyo, 1985) pp. T. Hasegawa, Recent Advances in the Traditional Medicine in East Asia, ed.These results suggested that HT could be effective on subjects with post stroke PL diagnosed as YEP and PI, that prescription of herbal medications to such patients should be considered. The duration and the frequency of PL and PLS were more markedly reduced in group A than in group B (p = 0.01, 0.02, and < 0.01, respectively). However, significant differences were not observed in BI in group A and in the primary and secondary outcome measures in group B. PLS in group A was also significantly lowered from 9.13 ± 1.73 to 4.75 ± 0.71 points (p = 0.01). The duration and the frequency of PL in group A were significantly decreased from 10.88 ± 4.67 to 6.63 ± 4.07 sec and from 6.38 ± 2.72 to 3.00 ± 1.77 times, respectively (p = 0.01) after 14 days administration of HT. Barthel index (BI) was the secondary outcome measure. The duration of PL at one time, the frequency of PL in a day, and pathological laughter scale (PLS) were the primary outcome measures. HT was administrated 3 times a day for 14 days to both groups. Eight subjects diagnosed with Yang Excess patterns (YEP) were assigned into group A and 6 subjects who had no YEP to group B. Phoenix is also the first one to win best actor for a comic book character, and second one as Joker after Heath Ledger, who won for best supporting actor in Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight (2009).This study was to test the importance of patterns identification (PI) and the effectiveness of Hwangryunhaedogtang ( Huanglianjiedutang) (HT) treatment for patients with post stroke pathological laughter (PL). Smashing all ceilings 'Joker' star Joaquin Phoenix bagged the Oscar for best actor at the 92nd Academy Awards. Although more research is required, as of now PCL can be treated with prescribed drugs that are used as antidepressants. Many are considered creepy and violent, which leads them to have difficulties to live a normal life. This also means they are dependent on help from friends, family or caregivers as they age. A person with this condition refrains from being a part of the social convention as their sudden outburst can lead to embarrassment. Laughter may be considered as the best medicine, but for those suffering from PCL it is nothing but a disorder that leads to a depressive state. Other brain conditions commonly linked to PBA include: About half the people who've had a stroke get it. An injury or disease that affects your brain can lead to pseudobulbar affect. Changes in brain chemicals linked to depression and hyper moods (mania) could also play a role. An episode of such sort can last a few seconds or several minutes, and can take place many times a day.Īccording to Brain, A Journal of Neurology, PLC is a disorder of emotional expression rather than a primary disturbance of feelings, and is thus distinct from mood disorders in which laughter and crying are associated with feelings of happiness or sadness.Īlthough thorough research on this subject has not been done, scientists believe that PBA may result from damage to the prefrontal cortex - the area of the brain that helps control emotions. Those suffering from PLC get the emotional attacks like a sudden and uncontrollable seizure. People with this condition laugh out loud or cry for no apparent reason. Often, these are not triggered by any funny or upsetting stimulus. What is Pathological Laughter and Crying?Īlso known as pseudobulbar affect, PLC is a neurological condition defined by episodes of uncontrolled laughter or crying.
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